Texas law requires insurers to act in good faith and prohibits unfair or deceptive practices. Under Tex. Ins. Code §541.060, life insurance companies must promptly and fairly handle claims. Additionally, §705.005 limits an insurer’s ability to void a policy after two years (the incontestability period), even if the application included misstatements.
What Is Life Insurance? How Do Life Insurance Policies Work?
Life insurance is a legally binding contract between the policyholder and an insurance company, designed to provide financial stability to loved ones after the policyholder’s death. In exchange for regular premium payments, the insurer agrees to pay the named beneficiaries a tax-free lump sum death benefit. This benefit can:
- Help cover funeral costs
- Pay off outstanding debts
- Replace lost income
- Fund college expenses
- Support long-term living needs
In Texas, most life insurance policies fall into two main categories:
- Term life insurance, which provides coverage for a specific number of years (e.g., 10, 20, or 30). The policy pays the full benefit if the insured passes away during the term. If the term expires, coverage ends unless renewed or converted.
- Whole life or permanent life insurance, which offers lifelong coverage and typically includes a cash value component that builds over time. This value can be borrowed against or used to pay future premiums.
Some individuals also receive group life insurance through an employer, which is usually governed by federal ERISA law. While these policies are often more affordable, they can involve complex rules around eligibility, coverage periods, and appeals.
Under the Texas Insurance Code and longstanding contract law principles, insurers must handle claims promptly, fairly, and in good faith. If a claim is denied, delayed, or mishandled, beneficiaries have the right to contest the decision through administrative appeals or civil litigation.
Most policies include a two-year contestability period, during which the insurer can investigate and deny claims based on alleged misrepresentations. After that period, however, policies generally become incontestable unless intentional fraud is proven.